2Module 3
-er and -ir Verbs
Verbos em -er e -ir
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Key Concept
In Unit 1, you learned the -ar verb family (like morar). Portuguese has three verb families. Unit 2 introduces the rules for the other two: -er and -ir. Their endings are almost identical, except for the Nós form.
粵
Cantonese Speaker Tip
葡文動詞分三組：-ar、-er、-ir。 同一組內唄動詞全部用同一套字尾。 廣東話動詞完全唔變，但葡文要記字尾規律！
記法：將動詞字尾想像成代詞標記—— -o = 我, -es = 你, -e = 佢, -emos/-imos = 我們, -em = 佢們。 記住字尾就唔使加主詞！
The -er and -ir conjugation patterns are very similar. The key difference is in the nós form: -er verbs use -emos while -ir verbs use -imos. All other endings are the same: -o, -es, -e, -em. Once you know these patterns, you can conjugate hundreds of regular verbs.
Key Phrase — Try saying it!
Eu bebo água e como sopa.
The "-er" pattern (Beber — To drink)
I drink
You drink (informal)
/ / He/She drinks / You drink (formal)
We drink
/ / They/You (pl.) drink
Standard -er endings: -o, -es, -e, -emos, -em
Comer — To eat
I eat
You eat (informal)
/ / He/She eats / You eat (formal)
We eat
/ / They/You (pl.) eat
The "-ir" pattern (Partir — To leave / depart)
I leave
You leave (informal)
/ / He/She leaves / You leave (formal)
We leave
/ / They/You (pl.) leave
Standard -ir endings: -o, -es, -e, -imos, -em (note: -imos for Nós, not -emos)
Abrir — To open
I open
You open (informal)
/ / He/She opens / You open (formal)
We open
/ / They/You (pl.) open
More -er and -ir Verbs
to live
to write
to learn
to understand
to decide
to attend / to watch
to exist
to sleep
Examples
cartas.
She writes letters. compreendes
Do you understand the teacher? assisto
I attend the concert. escrevo
I write in the notebook.Practice Time